Diagnosis and Treatment of Telogen Effluvium

Diagnosis and Treatment of Telogen Effluvium (Seasonal Hair Loss)

Telogen Effluvium is a type of hair loss that occurs when an imbalance in the hair cycle causes an excessive number of hairs to enter the resting (telogen) phase. It is usually a temporary and widespread form of hair loss. Many factors, such as stress, illness, and seasonal changes, can trigger this condition.

Causes and Risk Factors of Telogen Effluvium

1. Stress: Severe psychological stress can trigger hair loss.

2. Hormonal Changes: Can be observed after pregnancy, discontinuation of birth control pills, or during menopause.

3. Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin B12, etc.

4. Seasonal Changes: Seasonal shedding is common, especially in the fall and spring.

5. Illnesses and Surgeries: Viral infections like COVID-19, surgeries, or chronic illnesses.

6. Medication Use: Hair loss can occur after taking antihypertensives, antidepressants, or chemotherapy.

7. Diet and Rapid Weight Loss: Sudden changes in weight can increase hair loss.

Symptoms

• Widespread Hair Loss: Excessive hair shedding is particularly noticeable when washing or brushing hair.
• Thinning Hair: The overall density of hair decreases due to widespread shedding.
• No Skin Lesions or Marks: The scalp appears healthy, with no visible sores or redness.
• Sudden Onset: Shedding typically begins 2-3 months after a triggering event.

Diagnostic Methods

1. Clinical Examination: A dermatologist assesses the extent and type of hair loss.

2. Hair Pull Test: Lightly pulling on the hair determines the intensity of hair loss.

3. Dermatoscopy and Trichoscopy: Microscopic examination of hair follicles.

4. Blood Tests: Evaluation for iron deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, and vitamin deficiencies.

5. Hair Biopsy: In rare cases, samples may be taken from hair follicles.

Treatment of Telogen Effluvium

1. Treating the Underlying Cause

• Stress Management: Meditation, yoga, and psychological support are recommended.
• Nutritional Supplements: Supplements should be provided for deficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and biotin.
• Hormonal Treatment: Hormonal imbalances are treated under medical supervision.

2. Topical and Medication Treatment

• Minoxidil: Reduces hair loss and promotes hair growth.
• Mesotherapy: Injecting a mixture of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids into the scalp helps control hair loss.

3. Natural and Supportive Treatments

• Hair Care Products: Shampoos and serums that protect hair structure should be used during periods of intense shedding.
• Massage and Acupuncture: Can stimulate hair follicles by increasing blood circulation.
• Laser Treatment: Low-level laser therapy may reduce hair loss.

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