Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo

Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo (Leucoderma)

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by white patches due to the loss of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the skin. This condition can lead to both aesthetic and psychological issues. While it can occur anywhere on the body, it is particularly common on the face, hands, arms, and genital area.

Causes and Risk Factors of Vitiligo

• Autoimmune Diseases: The primary cause of the disease is the immune system mistakenly attacking melanocytes.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune diseases increases the risk.
• Stress and Trauma: Physical or emotional stress can be triggering factors.
• Sunburn or Skin Trauma: Damage to melanocytes can trigger the development of vitiligo.
• Other Autoimmune Diseases: It can coexist with conditions like thyroid disorders, diabetes, and pernicious anemia.

Symptoms of Vitiligo

• White Patches: Symmetrical or asymmetrical white areas appear on the skin due to loss of melanin.
• Graying of Hair: The disease can affect hair follicles, leading to graying of hair.
• Mucosal Involvement: White patches may be seen in the mouth or genital areas.
• Progressive Spread: In some patients, the disease may spread, while in others, it may remain stable.

Diagnosis Methods for Vitiligo

• Clinical Examination: A dermatologist examines the distribution and shape of the white lesions on the skin.
• Wood’s Lamp: Vitiligo lesions become more pronounced under UV light.
• Biopsy: A skin biopsy may be performed to evaluate the presence of melanocytes in suspicious cases.
• Blood Tests: These are done to assess thyroid functions and autoimmune diseases.

Treatment Methods for Vitiligo

1. Topical Treatments

• Corticosteroid Creams: Suppress inflammation and support the pigmentation process.
• Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus): Used as an alternative to corticosteroids, particularly on the face and genital area.

2. Phototherapy (Light Treatment)

• NB-UVB Phototherapy: Stimulates repigmentation of the skin. Administered in several sessions weekly.
• PUVA Therapy: Combines psoralen medication with UVA light.

3. Surgical Methods

• Melanocyte Transplantation: Transfer of healthy skin cells to small areas of vitiligo.
• Skin Grafts: Transfer of healthy skin to the depigmented area.

4. Depigmentation

• In cases of widespread vitiligo, bleaching of remaining pigmented areas may be preferred (using monobenzone).

5. Psychological Support

• Given that the disease can be psychologically challenging, psychotherapy and support groups may be recommended.

For detailed information and your questions, you can contact us via E-mail. If you prefer, you can follow us on our Instagram page.