Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma

Table of Contents

Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma (Facial Pigmentation)

Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation condition characterized by brown or gray patches, usually seen on the face. It can be triggered by sunlight, hormonal changes, and genetic factors. Although it can be aesthetically bothersome, it is medically harmless. Melasma is particularly common on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip.

Causes and Risk Factors of Melasma

Sunlight: UV rays trigger melasma by increasing melanin production.
Hormonal Changes: Conditions such as pregnancy, contraceptive pills, and menopause can lead to melasma (melasma during pregnancy is called chloasma).

Genetic Predisposition: Individuals with a family history have a higher risk.

Cosmetic Products: Products that cause skin irritation and perfumes can worsen the condition.

Stress and Thyroid Issues: Melasma can be associated with stress and certain thyroid diseases.

Symptoms of Melasma

Symmetrical Dark Patches: Similar patches develop on both sides of the face.
Common Areas: Cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, upper lip, and chin.
Color Changes: Can be in shades of brown, gray, or bluish tones.
Distinct Borders: The borders of the patches can be irregular, but they do not cause swelling or wounds on the skin.

Diagnostic Methods for Melasma

Clinical Examination: The dermatologist evaluates the symptoms.
Wood’s Lamp (UV Light): Used to determine the depth and extent of the patches.
Dermatoscopy: The structure of the patch is examined microscopically.
Biopsy (If Necessary): May be performed to differentiate from other pigmentation disorders.